Class 10 - Structure of Atom: Short Notes

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Overview Of Structure Of Atom

Introduction 

Understanding the Structure of the Atom

Introduction

The structure of the atom is a fundamental concept in chemistry. It provides insights into the arrangement and behavior of the building blocks of matter. Let's explore the key aspects of atomic structure.

Atomic Particles

Atoms consist of three main particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

• Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus.
• Neutrons: Neutral particles also located in the nucleus.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus in electron shells.

Atomic Nucleus

The nucleus is at the core of an atom and contains protons and neutrons. It contributes to the majority of the atom's mass.

Electron Shells

Electrons move in distinct energy levels or shells around the nucleus. The innermost shell can hold up to 2 electrons, while subsequent shells can hold more.

Atomic Number and Mass Number

Atomic number: Represents the number of protons in an atom, determining its identity.

Mass number: Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom. It follows specific rules and determines an element's chemical properties.

Mendeleev's Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev organized elements based on their atomic masses, creating the periodic table. Elements with similar properties were grouped together.

Modern Periodic Table

The modern periodic table arranges elements by increasing atomic number. It reflects the periodicity of elements, showcasing trends in properties.

Conclusion

Understanding the structure of the atom is crucial in chemistry. It forms the foundation for comprehending chemical reactions, bonding, and the behavior of matter at the atomic level.